Resistance to antibiotics has been a problem for hospitals and healthcare facilities for more than a decade, and despite the need for new treatment options, there have been only two new classes of antibiotics developed in the last 40 years. Now a discovery by McMaster University researchers has revealed an ideal starting point to develop new interventions for resistant infections.

 

Eric Brown, a professor and chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, and a team of researchers from the Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, have identified a chemical compound that targets drug-resistant bacteria in a different way from existing antibiotics. The discovery could lead to new treatments to overcome antibiotic resistance in certain types of microorganisms. The findings were published in the science research journal Nature Chemical Biology.

 

“Everyone reads the headlines about drug-resistant bugs. It's a big problem,” says Brown, who holds the Canada Research Chair in Antimicrobial Research. “Really what we're trying to do is understand whether or not there are new ways to tackle this problem.” The research team used high-throughput screening to uncover the new class of chemical. The approach allows scientists to look for small molecules that kill bacteria as well as examine the molecular mechanisms and pathways they exploit.

 

Existing antibiotics destroy bacteria by blocking production of its cell wall, DNA, or protein. The new compound, MAC13243, is directed at blocking a particular step in the development of the bacteria's cell surface, which until now has not been recognized as a target for antibiotics. “We're excited about finding a new probe of a relatively uncharted part of bacterial physiology,” Brown says. “It's a new way of thinking about the problem. Who knows? Could this chemical become a drug? Anything's possible, but at the very least we've advanced the field and created some tools that people can use now to try to better understand this pathway.”