Print“The anti-glioblastoma effects of these drugs are completely unexpected and were only uncovered because we carried out an unbiased genetic screen, says Chen.”
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have discovered that FDA-approved anti-psychotic drugs possess tumor-killing activity against the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer, glioblastoma. The finding was published in this week's online edition of Oncotarget.
The team of scientists, led by principal investigator, Clark C. Chen, vice-chairman, UC San Diego, School of Medicine, division of neurosurgery, used a technology platform called shRNA to test how each gene in the human genome contributed to glioblastoma growth. The discovery that led to the shRNA technology won the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 2006.
“ShRNAs are invaluable tools in the study of what genes do. They function like molecular erasers,” says Chen. “We can design these ‘erasers’ against every gene in the human genome. These shRNAs can then be packaged into viruses and introduced into cancer cells. If a gene is required for glioblastoma growth and the shRNA erases the function of that gene, then the cancer cell will either stop growing or die.”
Researchers found that many genes required for glioblastoma growth are also required for dopamine receptor function. Dopamine is a small molecule that is released by nerve cells and binds to the dopamine receptor in surrounding nerve cells, enabling cell communication.
Abnormal dopamine regulation is associated with Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Because of the importance of dopamine in these diseases, drugs have been developed to neutralize the effect of dopamine, called dopamine antagonists.
Following clues unveiled by their shRNA study, Chen and his team tested the effects of dopamine antagonists against glioblastoma and found that these drugs exert significant anti-tumor effects both in cultured cells and mouse models. These effects are synergistic when combined with other anti-glioblastoma drugs in terms of halting tumor growth.
“The anti-glioblastoma effects of these drugs are completely unexpected and were only uncovered because we carried out an unbiased genetic screen,” says Chen.
Because the drugs are already approved for human use, they could potentially be repurposed to treat glioblastoma without years of preclinical testing, says Bob Carter, chairman if the division of neurosurgery at UCSD School of Medicine. “The drugs have also been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier, a barrier that prevents more than 90 percent of drugs from entry into the brain,” he says.
Chen is now working with the UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center Neuro-Oncology team to translate his findings into a clinical trial. His original research included scientists at UCSD, Ohio State University, and Harvard Medical School.
March 09, 2014
http://www.burrillreport.com/article-new_hope_for_brain_cancer.html
